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Forward Declaration And a Pointer
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Mister C was a cool guy. C could make amazing things with just ordinary text files. He used to grab bunch of them and produce magic binary forms. He could make a spinning cube, web server, or even an operating system.
One time he was running through a plain header file. The day was calm and nothing portended a change. Suddenly mister C noticed one interesting line in the file.
class MyType;
“Cool” - he thought - “a forward declared type”. After several other rather common statements that looked similar to this:
class Test
{
public:
Test() { }
~Test() { }
void doAll() { }
He focused on another piece of code:
private:
std::unique_ptr<MyType> m_myType;
}
After that line everything changed for mister C. He was so amazed by the code that all could do was to output a nasty error message.
Do you know what was the message? Why did he do that**?**
The message
In the output window (Visual Studio) there can be something like:
... while compiling class template member function
'void std::default_delete<_Ty>::operator ()(_Ty *) throw() const'
Or in the error list page:
error C2338: can't delete an incomplete type
Reason
Poor mister C had simply no idea how to delete object inside unique
pointer. The deletion should happen in the destructor of the class
MyTest
of course. But since it was in the header file the problem
arose.
Although mister C appreciated authors suggestion about forward declared type, his policy told him that at that point there has to be full type definition. Unique pointer required that, to be more specific its static deleter has to be defined properly.
Solution
Mister C cannot find proper solution, this is our task. To help him we
can just move implementation of the destructor to some source file
where the type MyType
will be completely known. Simple as it is.
Another option is to use shared_ptr
instead. Although it is a bit
counter intuitive, the reason for that it simple. Shared pointer has
dynamic deleter object that is selected at runtime, so there will be no
errors at compile time.
Note that that when we create some object, we need to know full type definition of course.
Look below for more info about improving communication with you and mister C:
This post is just a quick addition to my previous post about Smart Pointer Gotchas.
Article is posted also on the CodeProject
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